Comparing Judgment Day in Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment and O’Conno

Judgment Day in Dostoevskys Crime and Punishment and OConnors disclosureMankind is plagued by pride. Humans constantly compare themselves to one another and adjust their pride according to their observation of themselves in the world around them. Those who mean in an afterlife often incorporate their view of themselves and their morality into their perception of how they will be judged in the afterlife. Fyodor Dostoevsky and Flannery OConnor, as writers and believers in the Christian religion, demo two characters that envision how they will be judged on judgment day. In Dostoevskian Vision in Flannery OConnors Revelation, Norman McMillan effectively argues that OConnors Revelation and the chapter nigh Marmeladovs vision in Dostoevskys Crime and Punishment share striking similarities in their themes and the experiences of their characters. In order to effectively draw the similarities of the two themes, McMillan supports his interpretation of the theme by accurately characte rizing Marmeladov and setting the scene for Marmeladovs vision in Part I, Chapter 2 of Crime and Punishment. As a responsible critic, McMillan must present the details of this chapter and name the theme in order to compare it with the theme of Revelation. A list of adjectives and actions that characterize Marmeladov and a description of Marmeladovs circumstances help the reader understand the theme apparent in his vision of that day when God will call forward the blessed to be with him in Paradise (McMillan 17). Marmeladov is identified as a low-life in an utterly destitute position who acknowledges his own degradation. McMillan includes the actual text about Marmeladovs vision to support his interpretation of t... ...truly is through an act of violence. Gradually, like Marmeladov, she realizes that on judgment day, the first shall be last and the last shall be first. OConnor and Dostoevsky developed two pieces of literature that inevitably awaken their readers. All their readers must face their own pride and prejudice both in relating with the characters musical notes and admitting their own feeling of superiority over these flawed characters. Both of these brilliant writers effectively strike their readers with their shared idea that it is only by the grace of God that anyone can be saved. Works Cited McMillan, Norman. Flannery OConnor Bulletin Department of English and Speech. Milledgeville, GA Georgia College, 1987.OConnor, Flannery. The Complete Stories. New York Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1971.PID 80474Marlow Engl. 12. Sect. 37

To Kill A Mochingbird: Trial Of Life :: essays research papers

Trials of LifeLife is all nigh experiencing, learning, and growing up. The bracing To Kill a Mockingbird written by Harper Lee shows many examples of growing up during the Great Depression. To Kill a Mockingbird is check in the South during the 1930s. The novel is a summary of the lives of the Finch family and their learning experiences. Atticus Finch, a single parent and lawyer, informs and advises his kids as well as many others about the realities of life. Jem and Scout, his children, encounter many growing experiences throughout their childhood. Dill, Jem and Scouts friend, visits his Aunt Rachel during the summer. He too encounters growing experiences along with Jem and Scout. These four characters lives are prime examples of the trials of life. passim the novel To Kill a Mockingbird, Atticus teaches many lessons about people, society, and life, especially to Jem and Scout. In Chapter 11, Atticus says to Jem, ...I wanted you to see what real courage is, instead of get the i dea that courage is a man with a gun in his hand. Its when you know youre licked before you produce but you begin anyway and you see it through no military issue what... Atticus tells Jem this after Mrs. Dubose, their neighbor, dies. By saying this, Atticus is teaching Jem that courage comes from within oneself and takes mental military strength and maturity.Atticus teaches Scout to fight with her head instead of her fists in Chapter 9, p. 80 when he says, ...you just hold your head high and keep those fists down. No matter what anybody says to you, dont let them get your goat. Try fighting with your head for a change...its a good one, even if it does resist learning. Atticus teaches this pattern using himself as an example. He is always calm and fair to everyone. 2But hes gone and drowned his dinner in syrup, I protested, Hes poured it all over.- In this quote during the beginning of the book, Scout shows a lot of immaturity. She shows immaturity by making fun of her guest, whi ch is something that is normally done by people who dont know better, or are too young. Scout shows signs of immaturity similar to this throughout the book. It is not until the middle and latter move of the novel that Jean Louise starts to show signs of growing up and maturing.

Stereotypes :: essays research papers

Stereotypes atomic number 18 the organizational factors that virtually shape the way we come back in 20th century America. They somehow manage to categorize some of lifes most complex matters into nice distinct sections. Classifications and organization, at archetypical glance seem to be useful in distinguishing various aspects of modern life. However, these grouping methods can be very inaccurate, leaving erroneous ideas in the minds of citizens on a global level. Stereotypes, though originating as convenient sorting mechanisms, instead, influence our thinking process. By instituting broad categories, establishing virtually immovable terms, and, often, being mistakenly determine as facts, stereotypes affect the mental process of military mans. Originally used as an organizational tool, stereotypes were simply broad generalizations about subject matters. These ideas werent necessarily meant to crap the feelings of anger that they do today, but to classify ideas. However, possi bly the most apparent problem with stereotypes is that the sort very intricate subject matter into large, broad categories. For example, human beings are too complex to use generalizations like, all blondes are dumb or all smart people are nerds. Stereotypes use wide terms, to modify subject matter, but this attempt often ends in an inaccurate result. Despite their wide generalizations, stereotypes establish virtually immovable terms. For example, Third World countries were hastily sorted together not because of social or economic similarities, but out of convenience. Since that time, the industrialized nations have harbored this stereotype that the third world is land of starving children and reprehensible tribes. Despite decades of vast improvement, this stereotype remains unchanged. This rigid stereotype has caused many citizens to embrace a false view of the Third World nations and its citizens. Stereotypes, clearly, should not be mistaken for factual tuition. Although there may be a certain amount of truth to the statement, the generalization is often inaccurate. Unfortunately, many people believe this information to be not only truthful, but factual. Since most Americans have not visited a Third World country, they believe many misconceptions to be true. In reality, these stereotypes are often wrong. They may apply in some instances, but they should not be considered factual.

Market Research :: essays research papers

Many businesses are Product Orientated. This means that they design and make a product, and then try and convince consumers to buy it. Business can also be Market Orientated. This is where they try to find out what consumers want before making the final product. Finding out about what consumers want and need, and what makes them buy, is called Market Research.Businesses which are mainly product orientated risk spending a salient amount of resources launching a product which proves to be a failure. Researching the market helps reduce this risk. It should focus research and design effort onto products which have a incident of success in the market place. When the product is launched, a carefully researched product stands less chance of failing.Market research attempts to find the answers to questions a business magnate have about its market. A market tec must then decide what information might help answer the question brought forward. The market researcher then decider how best to collect this information. There are two ways of doing this, desk research and field research. The information is then collected and analysed. Finally, the business has to make a decision about what to do in the light of the information formed.Desk research involves the use of secondary Data. This is information which is already available, both within and outside the business. training within the business is information collected routinely. Invoices, for instance, will tell them how much they selland who they are selling to. Accounts will give information about the value of sales and costs of production. Businesses can also collect information which is available from sources outside the business e.g. Government, the media, Trade associations etc. The results of that research are given in a table.Field research involves the collection of Primary Data information which no one has yet collected. It is collected specially for the particular piece of research. Primary information is c ollected through direct investigation, usually in one of three ways-observation, survey and expreriment.Observation is looking at and recording what people do and how they have can be important.Surveys usually involves asking questions of Respondents- people or organisations who reply to the questions asked. There are different ways of conducting surveys. A postal survey, where questionaires are direct through the post, or a newspaper survey, where readers are invited to fill in and return a questionnaire in a newspaper, are cheap. Telephone surveys, personal interviews and consumers panels are more expensive because an interviewer has to be employed to interview customers.

Essay --

Tragedies occur everyday. Almost everyday people hear about a shooting or a violent event. Violence is prevalent everywhere and it is most prevalent in the media specifically in telecasting. Television has changed how people idea the world and also how children view the world. What is fiction and what is real? To an adolescent mind it is very hard to distinguish fact from fiction. Everyday they are exposed to violence, murder, and gore on the television. Television should be censored because it causes children to become desensitized to violence. The television has been around since the 1950s but it wouldnt be until the 1960s that television violence began to become prevalent. Before the 1960s television programs included shows like I Love Lucy and other comedies. These shows didnt have violence the premises of these shows were family values and principals. This changed in the 1960s. The 1960s were a time of contend and violence. The public was able to witness the gore of war righ t in their living rooms. They were able to witness soldiers shooting other combatants. They were able to witness bombs exploding kill hundreds. They were able to see death. This captured and mesmerized the public, and as a result television began to become increasingly more violent. Television violence has reached a disturbingly highschool point, and with an increase in media violence comes an increase in child violence. Children have been gradually desensitized to violence, as violence within our media has increased. There has been such a commodious increase in media violence that now the fairish child by the age of 18 will have witnessed 200,000 acts of violence and 16,000 murders. Television programs display an average of 812 violent acts per hour... ...o be desensitized to violence? Dont we want them to be nurtured in a setting that doesnt increase aggressive behavior? The state is yes. Toady violence is glamorized and promoted on the television. Shows are not good or coo l unless they have some form of violence in them. As viewers see more violent and obscene things, they expect the next thing to be even more violent and obscene. They expect more and more, and for the new nonpareil to top the old. As this happens desensitization to violence grows. Children imitate what they see and hear, and television violence is easy to obtain and see. Television violence shouldnt be slowly obtainable and watchable. Children should have difficulty obtaining these things, but sadly today this is not the case. For these reason television should be censored so that the children of our future do not become desensitized to violence.

Essay --

Tragedies occur everyday. Almost everyday people hear about a shooting or a violent event. Violence is prevalent everywhere and it is most prevalent in the media specifically in television. Television has changed how people cod the world and also how children view the world. What is fiction and what is real? To an adolescent mind it is very hard to distinguish fact from fiction. Everyday they are exposed to effect, murder, and dialog box on the television. Television should be censored because it causes children to drive desensitized to force. The television has been around since the 1950s but it wouldnt be until the 1960s that television vehemence began to become prevalent. Before the 1960s television programs included shows like I Love Lucy and opposite comedies. These shows didnt have power the premises of these shows were family values and principals. This changed in the 1960s. The 1960s were a time of war and violence. The public was able to witness the gore of war right in their living rooms. They were able to witness soldiers shooting other combatants. They were able to witness bombs exploding killing hundreds. They were able to see death. This captured and mesmerized the public, and as a result television began to become increasingly more violent. Television violence has reached a disturbingly high point, and with an addition in media violence comes an increase in child violence. Children have been gradually desensitized to violence, as violence within our media has increased. at that place has been such a great increase in media violence that now the average child by the age of 18 will have witnessed 200,000 acts of violence and 16,000 murders. Television programs display an average of 812 violent acts per hour... ...o be desensitized to violence? Dont we want them to be nurtured in a setting that doesnt increase aggressive behavior? The answer is yes. Toady violence is glamorized and promoted on the television. Shows are not good or cool u nless they have some form of violence in them. As viewers see more violent and obscene things, they calculate the next thing to be even more violent and obscene. They expect more and more, and for the new one to top the old. As this happens desensitization to violence grows. Children imitate what they see and hear, and television violence is easy to obtain and see. Television violence shouldnt be easily obtainable and watchable. Children should have difficulty obtaining these things, but sadly today this is not the case. For these reason television should be censored so that the children of our future do not become desensitized to violence.

Romeo and Juliet Essay

Text Analysis Complexity of hunch in Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet is a colonial tragedy exploring different dynamics of love and particularly current love. The bet confronts the audience with the truly old antagonism between devil families. The focus is primarily around Romeo and Juliet just as well as infatuation and cordial love. Several interpretations strike being made, although reading scenes from the real play give a direct familiarity with the text. Romeo and Juliet the play is opened with a focus on the Montagues and Romeos relationship with Rosaline.The first introduction to Romeo is by mention from his mother Lady Montague. She appears worried and asks her husband and Benvolio if they have seen Romeo. The Dialogue indicates that Romeo has being actually upset and was seen walking with tears streaming from his eyes he has also being shutting himself in his room So early walking did I see your son Many a morning hath there been seen, with tears augmenting the fresh morning dew. (Act 1 line 120, 129-30).Romeo is presented as being racyly in love with Rosaline. Shakespeare may have added this scene exaggerating Romeos dismay to emphasize how quickly his feelings change when he sees Juliet also to underline how Romeo and Juliet piece of land an undeniable love which he clearly did not have with Rosaline. Romeos sudden change of sense is clear in If I profane with my unworthiest buy the farm This holy shrine, the gentle sin this is My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand To smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss. (Act 1 motion picture 5 line 90) where he first sees Juliet and wants to kiss her hand. Romeo declares that his feelings for Rosaline are completely gone when he sees Friar Lawrence With Rosaline, my ghostly father? No I have forgot that look up and that names woe (Lines 35-45 Act 2 Scene 3) and inquires about taking Juliets hand. At first FL believes Romeo is there to speak to him about Rosaline and gives a small s peech to Romeo accentuating how Romeo was conveyed to be feeling.These series of events unquestionably prove that Shakespeare used Romeos first relationship (Rosaline and Romeo) to show that they did not share love but sort of an infatuation (Superficial love) which is proven when Romeo finds his unbowed love with Juliet giving viewers a more certain opinion that Romeo and Juliet do in fact have true love it was very important Shakespeare utilised this to ensure that the audience did not doubt the abrupt love or mistake it for infatuation as an rootage Shakespeare also used diverse language techniques nd altered the characters actions (When Rosaline and Romeo broke up, Romeo no more than cried When Juliet was thought dead Romeo then to killed himself) He valetipulated the audience into believe Romeo and Juliets love was real. The enmity between two of Veronas noble families, tore two sides between many of the residences. Bringing the conflict outside of the two familys immediat e family and also involving close friends. This type of dedication and loyalty is very risky as Escalus had be germ weary of the fights disturbing the rest of the community.Declaring the future(a) person to fight in the risk of being banished from Verona which resulted in even defending a family that Mercutio was not a part of. This is an example of a deep unconditional love and friendship, or family type bond which Mercutio and Romeo shared. Unlike other relationships the brotherly love showed a different dynamic to Shakespeares writing abilities. He illustrated he could use formal language and informal language between different characters to one another. Informal language is commonly used between the characters with brotherly love, as this is in the intimacy of the friendship and not in serious situation.Often spoken by Mercutio, until his last moment alive. Shakespeare upheld his level of wit and humour in a somewhat relaxed manor Good King of cats, nothing but one of your nin e lives, that I mean to make bold withal and, as you shall use hereafter, dry-beat the rest of the eight. Will you pluck your sword out of his pilcher by the ears? Make haste, lest mine be about your ears ere it be out (Act 3 Scene 1 lines 175-177) Here Shakespeare has used Mercutios attitude to belittle Tybalt saying he wishes to attack him, asking him to do as he pleases and quickly (with haste).Because of this it is very hard to precisely generalize Romeo and Juliet as a Drama play or Comedy (this could also broaden Shakespeares range of Audience). Romeo shows his heart bump and depression over Mercutios death killing Tybalt and consequently becoming banished. Tybalt, also Juliets cousin causes Romeo and his actions damage his relationship with Juliet making the families anger and scorn towards all(prenominal) other increasingly raw also giving Juliets parents more reason to despise Romeo as an individual. Romeos actions were an intense show of emotion as he essentially put M ercutio before Juliet.Shakespeare uses the concept Love at first sight as a basis for Romeo and Juliets love and then developing it into a physical and endless connection, using the initial family feud as a foundation to throw an innovative love tarradiddle it was an ideal situation to exhibit how theyre immediate love was stronger than there love for their family as both Romeo and Juliet question their own names and decide the enmity does not affect how they feel nor does the families opinions have an input into the decision to get married.Juliet goes to a severe level to avoid marrying Paris Shakespeare also causes Juliets actions to create immense grief for her family even though she did not actually die at first. This yet again expresses Juliets weakening consideration and love for her family as she put her family through extreme sadness for Romeo not taking into account their reactions or heartbreak and only persuasion of her and Romeos relationship. The two lovers act very qu ickly not using much thought or contemplation throughout the play (Romeo taking poison straight after seeing Juliet without thinking of other solutions) Arms take your last embraceAnd lips, O you the doors of breath, seal with a righteous kiss. A dateless bargain to on tone ending death Come, barbed conduct, come, unsavoury guide Thou despite pilot, not at once run back on the dashing rocks thy sea-sick weary bark Heres to my love drinks O true apothecary thy drugs are quick (Act 5 scene 3 lines 113-18) Demonstrating Shakespeares idea of true love as the braces puts their love for one another before everything else in their love.In conclusion the types of love shown in the whole play are not only complex but a deep insight into what lovers may of felt like in Shakespeares time. The audience could clearly recognize the types of love within this play and also pulls people in. Shakespeares dramatised use of language is endless in time and can be understood and interoperated clearly, the descriptive use of texts gives a broad and ad hominem level to understanding what is being said. The drama and exaggeration of each conversation makes the tragedy interesting and there is always something attention-grabbing being said or going on.Romeo and Juliet EssayRomeo and Juliet, one of the worlds most popular love stories and for over 400 years spectators and students have enjoyed this story based on passion, true love, hate, sorrow, and most of all, tragedy. Tragedy is defined as a medieval narrative poem or tale typically describing the downfall of a great man or a misfortune. What are the factors trustworthy for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet? Could it be a family feud, a misunderstanding, or true love (fate)? The first factor that is responsible for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet is the family feud.The Capulets and the Montagues would have never allowed Romeo and Juliet to be wed this became the forbidden love. These two families and their ancestors of many centuri es past have been feuding over matters that have become irrelevant and forgotten in time. In other words the two families no longer remember the causes of their feuding but this led to the tragic event of Romeo and Juliet. The feud was the cause of Tybalts death by the hands of Romeo therefore adding more conflict for the two families and making it seem impossible too ever resolve their difference and come to terms with each other for Romeo and Juliets sake.Capulet, Juliets father, had prearranged his daughters future with Paris who would become her husband unaware of her new status married. The second factor responsible for Romeo and Juliets death was the big misunderstanding. The lack of communication between our two lovers was without a doubt the biggest cause of this misfortune. On the day of her wedding to Paris, in revise to withdraw from this prearranged marriage Juliet with the assistance of the local Friar, had a plan that seemed flawless. Juliet was to fake her own death by ingesting a sleeping potion that would last approximately 42 hours.This would end her existence with the Capulets so she could gain a new support with the Montague. Romeo, exiled from Verona, was to receive the crucial message of Juliets plans and that all was going to be resolved. A breakdown in communication to Romeo caused him to believe his true love had deceased and therefore taking his own life was to be the next criterion by convincing himself that he could not live without her. My bounty is as boundless as the sea, my love as deep. The more I give to thee, the more I have, for are infinite. (2. 2. 139-141). hose are Juliets words expressing what it means to truly being in love. The third factor that is responsible for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet is true love. It is a story of two young adolescents that have fallen in love regardless of family feuds, boundaries, restrictions, and the forbidden love. Their passion and love would conquer all obstacles that would come t heir way as a true test to their commitment to each other. Upon the news of Juliets death and funeral, Romeo is left in pain and sorrow and seeks upon himself to evoke the pain by ingesting a poison of death.Juliet awakens only to find her true beside her unresponsive and lifeless. A moment in time that seems endless, Juliet in a country of shock and sorrow reaches for the remaining liquid to end her life. Her plan fails as she is still within the reality of this nightmare and to her demise she reaches for the dagger and solemnly takes her life to be with Romeo her true love. In conclusion, these factors were without doubt responsible for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet as they followed a sequence of events beginning with two families in a feud from many centuries that would antecede conclusively to a forbidden love.Two individuals attempting to be together in love forever yet devastated by misinterpretation and destroyed by love. A tragic story is to have a sorrowful and disastro us conclusion or the downfall of hero(es). Romeo and Juliet were heroes regarding the family feud. As a result of their tragic death, both families recognized that the cadaverous feuding had to end and that it took the loss of true love for this realization. Romeo and Juliet essay three factors responsible for their death

The Catering Skills of Uphsd

Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Introduction provide is the bunga menial industry of New York. All a caterer needs is a Cuisine art, some pots and pans and a couple of food magazines to start turn turn out. They get jobs, though they dont inescapably get repeats. Donald Bruce White New Yorks best known caterer. Finding and choosing a ply serv meth is one of the most important aspects of planning the perfect event. The most ch exclusivelyenging part of creating an event is the food. If you think circumstances food to a group of people only requires good culinary acquirements, you ar sadly mistaken.Being able to cook is just the tip of the iceberg. A lot more goes into serving food to guests. And if the turnout is predicted to be large, then it is best advisable to channelise clear of change stateing on the food by you, and hire businessals for the job. This is w present give comes in. A good supply assistance pull up stakes not onl y pull up stakes you with a delicious menu, but volition also help setting up the meal area, serve guests efficiently and take care of any(prenominal) link faux pas. Caterers not only serve as waiters/waitresses, they also assist as bartenders.A professional caterer knows what menu to be set for a limited event, the heap of food required, the serving process (what comes after what), makes genuine that the food looks good when served, and also explains the meal resultively to the guests, if required. Arranging the display panel evenly is also something a catering good takes care of. The type of cutlery necessary, the arrangement of bowls, plates and glasses and the folds of a napkin all these intricacies are taken care of by them. The event or the occasion is of utmost relevance when lanning the food. If it is spousals, champagne, caviar and wedding cakes are a mustiness. The cake should be confirmed by the couple regarding size, flavor, and decoration. A embodied gathe ring for example a business luncheon party would generally film a larger variety of liquor wine, whis report, and rum. It is also intelligent to exert a few mocktails for the non-drinkers. When deciding on the menu, it is best to comport the quintessential starter-entre-dessert series. If you want to make it more elaborate, go for the six or eight black market meals, concordly.Most people prefer wine as the pass water of alcohol while eating. But it is really important to be aware of which wine ( etiolate or red) locoweed complement the kind of meat that is being served for the meal. Also, remember, white wine is served chilled, while red wine is best kept at room temperature. The glasses for some(prenominal) are different as well. It is best to spare the dessert light, with a few varieties. Since not e rattlingone has a sweet tooth, instead of sticking only souffles and ice cream, you washstand also serve fresh cream with fruit salad.For every course in the meal, the cut lery is different. Therefore, the waters should be alert about the succession of change. If it is a blow, then the plate should be replaced immediately when the guest leaves the table for the conterminous course or helping. Also remember to have water on the table at all times. It is a very basic dot, save mandatory. The most important thing for the people who are serving to remember is to keep their own emotions in check. Be pleasant to the guest come what may. And to make these events perfect you must have the perfect staff.Knowing the expertnesss of BS. HRM students of the University of Perpetual Help System DALTA in catering will help provide us students, parents, faculty and the university a plump forground of what kind of students the university is producing. Will they be an asset someday, have they learned and will their sciences help them land a job in connection with their course. ply as a major subject in HRM needs except female genitalsvass when it comes to the readinesss of the students. Potentials in catering service are one asset to be the best known caterer. Background of the StudyThe history of catering and fine cooking trades dates back in the quaternate millennium BC. It all started in China but the culture of terrific eating and drinking was already important during the prosperous eld in old Egypt. However, the catering trade only emerged from the commonly practiced hospitality, which was always free, when the first of all real hostels and inns were built in ancient Greece. The development in ancient Greece continued in the Roman Empire. At first, the accommodations for Roman soldiers were found along the military roads and trading routes, which were eventually opened to all travelers.During the pump Ages in Europe, the first signs of the rebirth of the catering trade were seen in monasteries which covered mainly the needs of the many Christian pilgrims going to Rome. Caravan series served the like purpose in the Orient an d started there around 600 AD. During Charlemagnes time, the catering trade developed and spread throughout the entire Europe because transport and trade required secure accommodation. The catering trade had been greatly influenced by the church in the later part of the Middle Ages.Additionally, the newly established bourgeoisies, the flourishing trade, the natural preservation being replaced with money, and the intensification of transport all contributed to the popularity of catering industry. The catering industry was widely spread in Germany from 1 quaternate to 15th century and this had drawn the attention of legislators. The first beer inspection licenses were paid by the Augsburg Elector in 1530. It was also in the same(p) year that the Reformation gutter Polizey lawfulness was enacted and this replaced many regional regulations.After the law was enacted, different rules for hostels and inns were issued and this led to the regulation of the serving of drinks, beer mugs size s, and the fiber and purity of beer, even the quantity and kind of dishes were brought up in the Zehrordnung regulation. As time hanged by, guild hostels and houses developed. The terminal figure Seefahrts- und Schifferhauser was first heard in the seaside towns during the Hanse era. As an separate area of expertise, post guesthouses and rathskeller restaurants emerged, and until now, they stool still be found as establishments termed as Gasthofzur locating or Ratskeller.The purifyment of transport, technical innovations, population increase, and sudden rise in the trade of travel and tourism gave gastronomy a quick shift which made it a very important factor for national economy. Today companies like Crave Catering Melbourne offer a range of culinary options which have a high-flown history of tradition, tweaked and prodded to manifest sure trends. All that can be said is enjoy your food with the acquaintance that it has developed over time. -David J Kahan (Crave Catering M elbourne)The Hospitality industry and the restaurant sector is an industry that is continuingly growing. These industries employ a lot of people in many different ways. And which cause large percentage of people to eat out of their home. Because of these the average achievements of the people when it comes to food grooming is decreasing. Due to these social changes in the society catering opportunities and organization rises. Whatever mail you choose to roleplay within, in the catering profession there are a few attributes that are considered important for all job roles.Youll first have to be physically fit with a good direct of stamina. This is because many catering jobs involve working in hot, busy, pressurized kitchens where you have to be constantly thought on your feet. The ability to multi-task and communicate well are also imperative, with organizational skills being of the utmost importance. Catering offers great opportunities for career development. To work within this profession youll obviously need a passion for food, but also have the dedication and motivation to work long and sometimes unsociable hours. -acareerchangeCatering might search like the right career move as youre lying in bed envisioning how you couldve done a better job with your friends holiday buffet than she did. But theres a lot more to splinterning a catering business than meets the eye. Not only do you have to be a delicate chef, a mover of delicate and perishable items, a master planner, food preparation, food service, cleanup and a savvy entrepreneur all at the same time, but you have to do it looking as cool and stress-free as possible with a smile on your face. Review of Related Literature and Studies acquisition intercellular substance AND COMPETENCY MAPPINGThe theme of this project is education Need Analysis one of its objective is to find out the skill efficacy levels of the employees of Textron India Pvt. Ltd. In here, the skill matrix which was developed in consultation with the team loss leaders and rated by all the members of the team. While the competency map was developed and rated with the help of the skill matrix. They be Skill matrix as the most basic hurt defines the skills and skill levels of each employee, as per his/her perception and also as per the supervisor/team leader/ buss perception.While competency mapping deals with a pre-defined set of competencies calledLominger. Competencies which it relates and links to the skill matrix ratings, so as to find out how good the employees are. in relation with my use up they wanted to find out the complete list of the skills that the organization as a whole possesses i. e. the skills inventory of the organization, the skill levels of each single(a) employee,The employees who are capable of training different employees and the skills that they superfluousize in. Prepared by JOJAN V. JOSE 09DM050 During the academic year 2009-2010 Under the guidance of D r.MANOSI CHAUDHURI (Project Mentor), Hospitality Management Skills An educational and Workplace Comparative Analysis This study utilized secondary data to formulate a comparison of hospitality curricular design as it is viewed by industry. The two studies apply for this explore project were conducted in a longitudinal format. The two studies asked industry recruiters at a university sponsored career event to indicate where key hospitality skills are best learned. The comparative findings profiled that specific skills are best learned in the work place while a smaller skill set was needed from Hospitality Education.The skills found to be most important which are taught in the educational setting were compared to the hospitality courses at the University of Wisconsin-Stout with the purpose of identifying any potential gaps in skills. A model was used which allows courses to be compared to the skill sets industry deems as important. It is helpful literature since its primary objective is to identify th e skills of its respondents. identification of skills is a common ground for the current question topic both study determines the skills of the respondents.The methods use in this study can be adapted to the current research study. prepared by Daniel Wood A Research Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Training & Development Approved for Completion of 4 Credits TRHRD-735 Field Problem in Training & Development by Professor Robert Davies, Research Advisor The alumna College University of Wisconsin-Stout, Copyright Food Caterers Association of the Philippines 2003. All Rights Reserved. 10 Baler St. San FranciscoDel Monte, Quezon City.A group called Food Caterers Association of the Philippines is a professional that is determined to focus on giving character reference catering service. Its Goals are to encourage growth among its members by promoting networking, interchange of ideas and continuing education, keep abreast of the latest local and international trends in food preparation and event maintainment by networking with local and international resource personnel, gain recognition both locally and internationally via trade fairs and exhibits, define industry standards by generating guidelines for the accreditation of local aterers. I sited it because it is about catering, it also highlights the skills of the caterers with regard to having character service they have the core jimmys which is unity, teamwork, professionalism, excellence (particularly in the culinary arts), creativity, taste. Founding out about this connective will give our research strong information and background of what standing does our caterers in our country produces and the quality of catering service we provide. This association stands for the catering industry in the Philippines as a whole.And through this, we will be more enlightened of what is the skills needed in this association and if the B. S. HRM students qualifi ed to pass their association. Catering skills setting the scene The Catering Skill Setting the Scene concentrates on the main practical skills needed to cater an event or run a restaurant. It can be an invaluable resource for those who want to enter the catering industry. It can also be a useful guide for those who wants to improve their skills in catering. It gives insights and tips on how you can effectively prepare an event.Having read about this, will give our research insights on the proper ways in erudition the skills of a certain caterer when inside the work place. It will give our research information on the skill needed to be called a good caterer waiter for it sets information on the proper skill development, skills needed and acquired of a catering server. reading about this article pave way to new insights of the importance of skill in the catering server for this skill will provide good service to any event the caterer is in. Produced by Video Education Australasia, C ommissioning editor Christine Henderson, Executive Producer Mark McAuliffe.Catering Management an Integrated Approach, Authors MohiniSethi and SurjeetMalhan, the New Age International Publisher. This carry provides information on the catering management, the division of labor in the catering industry, functions and a lot more about catering management. In this set aside skill is very important in every person designate in every department. It gives information on what evaluation process is to be given in every staff like Staff appraisal, appraisal of work conditions and procedures, food product evaluation and more. And also in this book it shows that in the catering industry there are lots of works that are to be done.Where every employee are assigned in the position best fit in their skill in catering like catering manager, supervisor in the kitchen, head cook, waiters and storekeepers. This book best fit our research for it talks about the division of labor of every employee w here evaluation of skills is very important. The evaluation of skills in this book shows the importance of skills in the catering industry. It shows methods on how to evaluate skills and why the catering has to be evaluated. Skills Upgrading New Policy Perspective OECD ORGANIZATION Director Sergio Arzeni.It is indicated in this book that the most affected sector in skill gap is the communication, hotels and catering. It talks about the low skill equilibria where it is stated there that in UK bulk of the managers and workers were low skilled and produces low quality goods and run. And because of these they had to improve all the skill of their workers and for their workers improvement they require all of them to undergo proper training. One of the tools used is the skills strategy white paper it proposes to improve choice for employers, better information, improve management training and development and improve support.The book will lead us to thinking that skill is not merely acqui red. It has to undergo certain processes for it to be best qualified in a certain job. Reading about the articles and studies of this book has brought changes in our correspondence of our research. It cleared questions which will help us expound our research. It says something about the importance of skills and what are the advantages and disadvantages of not having the skills required in a job and of what great effect will it cause the establishment you are working. Which we think relates and discusses more of our research.Professional Chef 2 level Diploma, authors Gary Hunter, Terry Tinton, Patrick Carrey and Steven Walpole. Qualifications when it comes to skills are very important in catering and it was explained very well in this book. competency in every work must always be applied by every caterer for skills to be properly applied. It says here that a lot of trainings will pave way for the best caterer which we thought of as a group. Reading about this book will open up topic s which will give sights on the importance of training in a caterer for it to acquire the best skill needed which fits very well in further more appreciation our research.It introduces learnings which we think is new to us. Applying what weve read from this book to our research will clarify some points that are not yet clarified to us. And through this book identifying the skills needed of a caterer is clearly identified and again tells about the importance of skills in the catering industry. Revised Hospitality and Catering Assessment Strategy and the New Technical Certificates August 2009 FAQs by City Guilds. A lot of information about the catering assessment and skills are mentioned here. It shows lucubrate about the newly revised hospitality and catering strategy assessment and certificates to be endowed.Reading about this article gave us again insights on the importance of skills in the catering industry. It shows the very importance of skills before granting the said certifi cate. it widen our views on the importance of our research regarding the catering skills of B. S. HRM students. Running through our research this article will prove of how vital skills are when it comes to the catering industry. Skills and Work Catering and Hospitality (The Basic Skills Agency Developing Effective Practice). We included this in our research because this gives the very detailed information on the skills needed in the catering service.It talks about the everyday catering task such as acting on verbal instructions from chef or supervisor, making and receiving earphone calls, discussing work plans, ascertaining recipes, preparing food, reading temperature and time charts, f etceteraing notice of gum elastic and hygiene signs, operating kitchen equipment gibe toinstructions, filling in records of bank line, receiving and checking deliveries, completing accident book or hygiene records, weighing dry ingredients, measuring liquids, mixing and dividing food, setting temperature of ovens, timing cooking, writing orders, making notes.It also mentioned the most important skills needed in catering service which is the listening skills, Reading skills, Writing skills, Number skills, Communication skills needed to work in catering and hospitality, Numeracy skills needed to work in catering and hospitality. Theoretical and Conceptual Framework This research will use the skill matrix or the competency framework. Skill Matrix also known as Competency framework consists of a list of skills, and a grading system, with a definition of what it signifys to be at particular level for a givenskill.It is a way to capture or identify the skills required for a particular job. Both of these lessen under skills management. Skills managementis the practice of understanding, developing and deploying people and theirskills. Well-implemented skills management should identify the skills that job roles require, the skills of individual employees, and any gap between th e two. -Wikipedia CATERING SKILL MATRIX A.Communication Skills in Catering and Hospitality Skills addressed through Reading and understanding straightforward scripted andgraphical information, e. g. recipes, orders, safety signsand notices, labels, instructions on equipment Completing forms and records, writing notes,e. . orders, stock lists, hygiene records, accidentreport book, telephone and other messages Speaking and listening talking face to face and onthe telephone with individuals and groups, e. g. colleagues, managers, suppliers, inspectors B.Non-essential Skills and Experience Can assist with the food preparation and service in other areas of the kitchen Can assist in setting up and serving catering functions C.Essential Skills and Experience Being reliable, responsible, dependable, and fulfilling obligations Can accept criticism and dealing sedately and effectively with high stress situations Must be able to work in a cooperative modal value with Chefs and kitchen staff Has knowledge of principles and processes for providing node service.This includes guest needs assessment, meeting quality standards of service, and evaluation of customer atonement D.Position Responsibilities Can greet, smile, make eye contact, and make customers tonus welcome Can maintain tables and services area in clean and elegant vogue Can respond to customer concerns in a professional manner Has a commitment to the service values and ethics of the client phoner Can make sure that the foods are been prepared and are presented according to the establishments standards. Maintain the standards for correct proportioning and presentation Can aline the preservation of food and service items, to guests in pleasant and timely manner Can follow all safety rules and actively prevent accidents Research Paradigm Our research paradigm shows a pattern which will serve as a guide wh en making decisions in carrying out our research. For our input, we included the students profile which is the age, sex activity and academic grades in catering. We also included the skills of a catering server. This will remind us of our limitations, what our research will only cover. For our process we use the questionnaire analysis for further understanding of our research and provide facts of what will be others point of view with the catering skills of UPHSD fourth year B. S. HRM students, will they be effective as a catering server or not. Statement of the ProblemGiven the above mentioned skills that a qualified good caterer must possess, this study will give light on the said matter, focusing primarily on the skills of B. S. HRM students who took catering subject. Hence the central question is Do the 4th year B. S. HRM students have the important skills required to qualify as a good catering server? Specific problem 1. What is the profile of the students in B. S. HRM four th YEAR? 1. age 2. gender 3. academic grades in catering subject 2. What are the catering skills of B. S. HRM students? 3. What is the family relationship of the profiles of the respondents to the catering skills? Hypothesis There is no relationship between the profile of the respondents and their catering skills. Significance of the StudyThe study will determine the catering skills of B. S. HRM students of the UPHSD Las Pinas. Being the first research to focus in this area, it provided broad comment of the catering skills of B. S. HRM students and gave key information on the prevailing views of the students. The study can be a basis for other research work in catering. The research can also serve as guidelines for the faculty of the college of International Hospitality Management teaching catering subject, to further improve their teaching skills and methods. Since the goal was to let the students see the benefit of learning all the skills in catering. These study will also deter mine the skills of B. S.HRM students who have taken catering subject to serve as a basis for the faculty evaluation of how the students learned catering subject effectively, what needs to be improve and to find the most effective way on how the students will learn in there catering subject. The study also determines which is more skilled if it is the Male or Female UPHSD students and find solution to a problem with regards to the students hands on skills in providing good catering service like food preparation, food service, cleanup and creativity. Also other colleges of IHM can also adopt this research and apply the framework of the study in order to have an assessment of their own catering subjects. Scope and molding The primary objective of the study is to determine the caterings skills of B. S. HRM students of UPHSD Las Pinas and if those skills fit the qualifications needed to be good catering server.This study considers every aspect of students academic performances with the catering subject, which is the science lab and lecture classes. The study will focus on 4th year HRM students of UPHSD for the school year2012. These are purposively chosen because it will be more feasible for the research worker to acquire desired information. Definition of Terms Catering This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing single event-based food services. These establishments generally have equipment and vehicles to transport meals and snacks to events and/or prepare food at an off-premise site. Banquet halls with catering staff are included in this industry.Examples of events catered by establishments in this industry are graduation parties, wedding receptions, business or retirement luncheons, and trade shows. Skill An ability and capacity acquired through deliberate, systematic, and sustained effort to smoothly and adaptively carryout complex activities or job functions involving ideas (cognitive skills), things (technical skills), and/or people (interpersonal skills). Caterer ( caterers plural ) Caterers are people or companies that provide food and drink for a place such as an office or for special occasions such as weddings and parties. Server apersonwhoserves. 2. somethingthatserves orisusedinserving,asasalver. 3. broad fork, spoon, or spatual for dishing out and serving individual portions of food, as vegetables, cake, or pie. 4. Ecclesiastival- an attendant on the priest of Mass, who arranges the altar, makes the responses, etc. Chapter 2 METHODOLOGY Research Design This study will employ a descriptive method of research. A descriptive study from the word itself descriptive, it describes a certain phenomenon or an event. In this case the police detectives will describe the variables such as skills and students profile. This study will describe weather this variables contribute to the boilers suit catering service quality of 4TH year B. S. HRM students of UPHSD. Population Sampling The try proficiency used in this study is the Purposive sampling.Purposive samplingis a sampling method that focuses on particular characteristics of a population that are of interest, which will best alter us to answer our research questions. We choose this type of sampling technique because of many different reasons. We have a large number of students in 4th year HRM at UPHSD who is done taking the catering subject unfortunately almost half of the populations of fourth year students are irregular students and still taking up there hotel and restaurant practicum which results to a few number of HRM students present at UPHSD. With this reasons we have come up with the decision of using the purposive sampling technique.To get the feedback/responses of those who already underwent the laboratory/practicum, so even though they are not anymore 4th year students, their answers will be substantial to the results of this survey. Respondents/ Participants/ Subjects of the study The research population only included fourth year B. S. HRM students of UPHSD Las Pinas and those who graduated at UPHSD Las Pinas who has taken all the major subjects in HRM with lecture and laboratory classes. Students from all the courses will be the research population. That includes a passing grade in all the subjects taken and must be officially enrolled this semester. Research InstrumentThe instrument that we have come up with is based on the skills we have gathered from our researched skills and after we have researched for the appropriate tool that will fit to the requirements of this study the researchers consulted with the professors, who are considered experts of the field, for supererogatory necessary information to be included in the research tool used. Gathering of Data The research used the survey method in the form of questionnaires as a primary manner obtaining the students perception on the skills of B. S. HRM in catering. The questionnaires were anchored to know the students awareness to the cater ing skills of B. S. HRM students weather they are qualified as a good catering server or not. Statistical Treatment The following statistical tools would be used for the analysis of data gathered by the researcher 1.Relative frequency is used to express a number of the population or hear having the same trait or characteristic as a percentage of the population size or sample size. The relative frequency is computed using the following formula pic wheref is the frequency and n is the sample size. Relative frequencies would be used in summarizing in frequency distribution tables the profile of respondents. 2. Mean/Arithmetic mean is obtained by adding the observed values and dividing by the number of observed values. The mean is calculated using the following formula pic Where x is the observed value and n is the sample size. The mean would be used to calculate the average numerical response of respondent for each item in the survey questionnaire. 3.Standard deviation indicates the variation among the observed values and their dispersion from the mean. The standard deviation may be computed using the following formula pic wherex is the observed value and n is the sample size. The standard deviation would be used to determine the dispersion of the respondents responses for each item of the survey questionnaire from the mean. 4. The following table would be used in Chapter 3 for the verbal interpretation of means and adjectival description for the catering skills of respondents. Verbal explanation of Means for Catering Skills Mean level of Competency 1. 00 1. 0 Poor 1. 51 2. 50 Fair 2. 51 3. 50 neat 3. 51 4. 50 real favorable 4. 51 5. 00 Excellent 5. The chi-square test would be used for tests of relationship between the catering skills and the profile of respondents, namely, age, gender, and grade in catering subject. The value of the chi-square statistic is computed using the following formula pic hereO is the observed frequency and E is the exp ected frequency computed by the following formula pic whereRt is the row totality, Ct is the column total, and Gt is the grand total. Chapter 3 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA This chapter is the presentation of the data that the researchers were able to collect from their respondents. These data were hereby summarized and presented in tabular form to provide answers to the questions posed by the researchers as indicated in their statement of the problem of which the main focus of the researchers is primarily the skills of B. S. HRM students who took catering subject. 3. 1 PROFILE OF RESPONDENTSThe researchers considered three profile of their respondents, namely, age, gender, and grade in their catering subject. The profile of respondents are summarized in the following tables below beginning with the age of respondents. send back 1 DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS BY AGE Age (Years) Frequency parcel (%) 16 20 89 89. 0 21 25 11 11. 0 Total 100 100. 0 From the table above, it can be seen that majority of the respondents belong to the first age group, 16 geezerhood to 20 years. Specifically, there are 89 respondents, representing 89% of the sample of 100 respondents, whose ages are between 16 years and 20 years. There are 11 respondents, representing 11% of the sample of 100 respondents, with ages between 21 years and 25 years. The distribution of respondents according to their gender is summarized and presented in the following table below. TABLE 2 DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS BY GENDER Gender Frequency Percentage (%) MALE 27 27. FEMALE 73 73. 0 Total 100 100. 0 From the table above, it can be seen that majority of the respondents are feminine. Specifically, there are 73 female respondents, representing 73% of the sample of 100 respondents. There are 27 male respondents, representing 27% of the sample of 100 respondents. The distribution of respondents according to their grade in catering subject is summarized and presented in the fo llowing table below. TABLE 3DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS BY GRADE Grade Frequency Percentage (%) 2. 75 2. 00 39 39. 0 3. 00 40 40. 0 5. 00 21 21. 0 Total 100 100. 0 From the table above, it can be seen that most of the respondents have grade of 3. 0 in their catering subject. Specifically, there are 40 respondents, representing 40% of the sample of 100 respondents, whose grades in their catering subject are 3. 0. This is followed very closely by 39 respondents, representing 39% of the sample of 100 respondents, whose grades in their catering subject are between 2. 75 and 2. 00. 3. 2 CATERING SKILLS OF RESPONDENTS The different catering skills are listed down in the following tables below as well the level of competence of respondents in each of the skills. The catering skills of respondents are presented according to the age, gender, and grade of respondents in their catering subject.Then, the catering skills of respondents are presented without regard to their profile. TABLE 4 CATERING SKILLS OF RESPONDENTS BY AGE Catering Skills Age (Years) 16 20 21 25 Mean SD Level of Mean SD Level of Competence Competence Students could manage to record the 4. 60 0. 58 Excellent 4. 27 0. 7 very(prenominal) beloved quantities and weights needed, the temperature needs to set in cooking and etc. , and the time needs to target any in cooking, rendering service, or in a work. Students can greet, smile and make the 4. 43 0. 60 genuinely severe 4. 73 0. 7 Excellent customers feel welcome Students can respond to the customers 4. 34 0. 56 in truth strong 4. 09 0. 83 real respectable concerns in a professional manner Students can follow all the safety rules 4. 30 0. 53 very(prenominal) healthy 4. 55 0. 69 Excellent and actively can prevent accidents. Students can stay calm under pressure 4. 37 0. 63 actually wide-cut 4. 55 0. 2 Excellent and can cope with several(prenominal) tasks at once Students uses his/her creativity and 4. 38 0. 61 very Good 4. 45 0. 52 Very Good visual sense to make food look good Students good communicator, organizer and4. 40 0. 63 Very Good 4. 00 0. 89 Very Good manager Students reliable, responsible, 4. 54 0. 62 Excellent 3. 91 0. 4 Very Good dependable and fulfilling obligations Students reading and understanding straightforward 4. 45 0. 58 Very Good 4. 73 0. 47 Excellent written and graphical information, e. g recipes, orders, safely signs and notices, labels, instructions on equipment Students completing forms and records, writing notes, 4. 33 0. 69 Very Good 4. 18 0. 40 Very Good e. g. rders, stock lists, hygiene records, accident report book, telephone and other messages Students speaking and listening talking face-to-face 4. 38 0. 57 Very Good 4. 18 0. 87 Very Good and on the telephone with individuals and groups, e. g, colleagues, managers, suppliers, inspect ors Students can assist with the food preparation and service4. 31 0. 65 Very Good 4. 50 0. 71 Very Good in other areas of the kitchen Students can assist in setting up and serving catering 4. 40 0. 62 Very Good 4. 36 0. 1 Very Good functions Students can accept criticism and dealing sedately and 4. 35 0. 66 Very Good 4. 55 0. 69 Excellent effectively with high stress situations Students must be able to work in a cooperative manner 4. 38 0. 57 Very Good 4. 45 0. 69 Very Good with Chefs and kitchen staff Students have knowledge of principles and processes for 4. 37 0. 63 Very Good 3. 91 0. 70 Very Good providing customer service.This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards of service, and evaluation of customer satisfaction Students can maintain tables and services area in clean 4. 37 0. 61 Very Good 4. 64 0. 50 Excellent and neat manner Students as a commitment to the service values and ethic s4. 35 0. 66 Very Good 4. 09 0. 94 Very Good of the client company Students can make sure that the foods are been prepared 4. 36 0. 59 Very Good 4. 45 0. 2 Very Good and are presented according to the establishments standards. Maintain the standards for correct proportioning and presentation Students can coordinate the delivery of food and service 4. 31 0. 65 Very Good 4. 45 0. 52 Very Good items, to guests in pleasant and timely manner. Students can follow all safety rules and actively prevent 4. 38 0. 55 Very Good 4. 45 0. 2 Very Good accidents OVERALL 4. 39 0. 07 Very Good 4. 36 0. 25 Very Good From the table next page it can be seen that among the respondents with age between 16 years and 20 years, the item Students could manage to record the quantities and weights needed, the temperature needs to set in cooking and etc. , and the time needs to target either in cooking, rendering service, or in a work has the highest average of 4. 6 0 which means that the level of competence of the respondents with respect to this particular catering skill is Excellent. On the other hand, among the respondents with ages between 16 years and 20 years the item Students can follow all the safety rules and actively can prevent accidents has the lowest average of 4. 30 which means that the level of competence of the respondents with respect to this particular catering skill is Very Good. Generally, with an overall average of 4. 39 the catering skills of respondents aged between 16 years and 20 years is Very Good. From the same table it can be seen that among the respondents with age between 21 years and 25 years, the items Students can greet, smile and make the customers feel welcome and Students reading and understanding straightforward written and graphical information, e. g recipes, orders, safely signs and notices, labels, instructions on equipment have the same highest average of 4. 3 which means that the level of competence of the respondents with respect to these particular catering skills is Excellent. On the other hand, among the respondents with ages between 21 years and 25 years the item Students have knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer service. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards of service, and evaluation of customer satisfaction has the lowest average of 3. 91 which means that the level of competence of the respondents with respect to this particular catering skill is Very Good. Generally, with an overall average of 4. 36 the catering skills of respondents aged between 21 years and 25 years is also Very Good. TABLE 5 CATERING SKILLS OF RESPONDENTS BY GENDER Catering Skills Gender Male Female Mean SD Level of CompetenceMean SD Level of Competence Students could manage to record the 4. 44 0. 75 Very Good 4. 60 0. 49 Excellent quantities and weights needed, the temperature needs to set in cooking and etc. and the time ne eds to target either in cooking, rendering service, or in a work. Students can greet, smile and make the 4. 30 0. 61 Very Good 4. 52 0. 58 Excellent customers feel welcome Students can respond to the customers 4. 33 0. 55 Very Good 4. 30 0. 2 Very Good concerns in a professional manner Students can follow all the safety rules and 4. 33 0. 58 Very Good 4. 33 0. 58 Very Good actively can prevent accidents. Students can stay calm under pressure and 4. 22 0. 64 Very Good 4. 45 0. 60 Very Good can cope with several tasks at once Students uses his/her creativity and 4. 26 0. 59 Very Good 4. 44 0. 0 Very Good imagination to make food look good Students good communicator, organizer and 4. 22 0. 70 Very Good 4. 41 0. 66 Very Good manager Students reliable, responsible, dependable 4. 41 0. 75 Very Good 4. 49 0. 60 Very Good and fulfilling obligations Students reading and understanding 4. 37 0. 6 Very Good 4. 52 0. 58 Excell ent straightforward written and graphical information, e. g recipes, orders, safely signs and notices, labels, instructions on equipment Students completing forms and records, 4. 11 0. 70 Very Good 4. 38 0. 4 Very Good writing notes, e. g. orders, stock lists, hygiene records, accident report book, telephone and other messages Students speaking and listening talking 4. 37 0. 56 Very Good 4. 36 0. 63 Very Good face-to-face and on the telephone with individuals and groups, e. , colleagues, managers, suppliers, inspectors Students can assist with the food preparation4. 15 0. 60 Very Good 4. 40 0. 66 Very Good and service in other areas of the kitchen Students can assist in setting up and serving4. 22 0. 64 Very Good 4. 47 0. 63 Very Good catering functions Students can accept criticism and dealing 4. 30 0. 61 Very Good 4. 40 0. 8 Very Good calmly and effectively with high stress situations Students must be able to work in a 4. 41 0. 57 Very Good 4. 38 0. 59 Very Good cooperative manner with Chefs and kitchen staff Students have knowledge of principles and processes for 4. 19 0. 62 Very Good 4. 37 0. 66 Very Good providing customer service.This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards of service, and evaluation of customer satisfaction Students can maintain tables and services area in clean and 4. 11 0. 58 Very Good 4. 51 0. 58 Excellent neat manner Students as a commitment to the service values and ethics of 4. 30 0. 72 Very Good 4. 33 0. 71 Very Good the client company Students can make sure that the foods are been prepared and 4. 44 0. 58 Very Good 4. 34 0. 3 Very Good are presented according to the establishments standards. Maintain the standards for correct proportioning and presentation Students can coordinate the delivery of food and service 4. 07 0. 62 Very Good 4. 42 0. 62 Very Good items, to guests in pleasant and timely manner. Students can follow all safety rules and actively prevent 4. 48 0. 51 Very Good 4. 36 0. 1 Very Good accidents OVERALL 4. 29 0. 12 Very Good 4. 42 0. 08 Very Good From the table next page it can be seen that among the male respondents, the item Students can follow all safety rules and actively prevent accidents has the highest average of 4. 48 which means that the level of competence of male respondents with respect to this particular catering skill is Very Good. On the other hand, among the male respondents the item Students can coordinate the delivery of food and service items, to guests in pleasant and timely manner has the lowest average of 4. 7 which means that the level of competence of male respondents with respect to this particular catering skill is Very Good. Generally, with an overall average of 4. 29 the catering skills of male respondents are Very Good. From the same table it can be seen that among the female respondents, the item Students could manage to record the quantities and weights needed, the temperature needs to set in cooking and etc. , and the time needs to target either in cooking, rendering service, or in a work have the same highest average of 4. 60 which means that the level of competence of female respondents with respect to this particular catering skill is Excellent. On the other hand, among the female respondents the item Students can respond to the customers concerns in a professional manner has the lowest average of 4. 30 which means that the level of competence of female respondents with respect to this particular catering skill is Very Good. Generally, with an overall average of 4. 42 the catering skills of female respondents are Very Good. TABLE 6 CATERING SKILLS OF RESPONDENTS BY GRADE IN CATERING SUBJECT Catering Skills Grade 2. 75 2. 00 3. 0 Mean SD Level of Competence Students could manage to record the quantities and weights needed, the temperature needs to 4. 56 0. 57 Excellent set in cooking and etc. , and the time needs to target either in cooking, rendering service, or in a work. Students can greet, smile and make the customers feel welcome 4. 46 0. 59 Very Good Students can respond to the customers concerns in a professional manner 4. 31 0. 60 Very Good Students can follow all the safety rules and actively can prevent accidents. 4. 33 0. 5 Very Good Students can stay calm under pressure and can cope with several tasks at once 4. 39 0. 62 Very Good Students uses his/her creativity and imagination to make food look good 4. 39 0. 60 Very Good Students good communicator, organizer and manager 4. 36 0. 67 Very Good Students reliable, responsible, dependable and fulfilling obligations 4. 47 0. 64 Very Good Students reading and understanding straightforward written and graphical information, e. g 4. 48 0. 8 Very Good recipes, orders, safely signs and notices, labels, instructi ons on equipment Students completing forms and records, writing notes, e. g. orders, stock lists, hygiene 4. 31 0. 66 Very Good records, accident report book, telephone and other messages Students speaking and listening talking face-to-face and on the telephone with individuals4. 36 0. 61 Very Good and groups, e. g, colleagues, managers, suppliers, inspectors Students can assist with the food preparation and service in other areas of the kitchen 4. 33 0. 5 Very Good Students can assist in setting up and serving catering functions 4. 40 0. 64 Very Good Students can accept criticism and dealing calmly and effectively with high stress 4. 37 0. 66 Very Good situations Students must be able to work in a cooperative manner with Chefs and kitchen staff 4. 39 0. 58 Very Good Students has knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer service. This 4. 32 0. 5 Very Good includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards of service, and evaluat ion of customer satisfaction Students can maintain tables and services area in clean and neat manner 4. 40 0. 60 Very Good Students as a commitment to the service values and ethics of the client company 4. 32 0. 71 Very Good Students can make sure that the foods are been prepared and are presented according to the 4. 37 0. 61 Very Good establishments standards. Maintain the standards for correct proportioning and presentation Students can coordinate the delivery of food and service items, to guests in pleasant and 4. 33 0. 64 Very Good timely manner. Students can follow all safety rules and actively prevent accidents 4. 39 0. 58 Very Good OVERALL 4. 38 0. 06 Very Good From the table above it can be seen that the item Students could manage to record the quantities and weights needed, the temperature needs to set in cooking and etc. , and the time needs to target either in cooking, rendering service, or in a work has the highest average of 4. 56 which means that t he level of competence of respondents with grades in catering subject of 5. 00 and with respect to this particular catering skill is Excellent. On the other hand, the items Students can respond to the customers concerns in a professional manner and Students completing forms and records, writing notes, e. g. orders, stock lists, hygiene records, accident report book, telephone and other messages have the same lowest average of 4. 31 which means that the level of competence of respondents with respect to these particular catering skill are Very Good. Generally, with an overall average of 4. 38 the respondents with grades in catering subject of 5 . 00 claim that their catering skills are Very Good. The following table below summarizes and presents the catering skills of respondents by age in terms of their level of competence. TABLE 8 CATERING SKILLS OF RESPONDENTS BY AGE SUMMARY Age (Years) Catering Skills Good Very Good Excellent Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage Frequ ency Percentage 16 20 2 100. 00 52 86. 67 35 92. 11 21 25 0 0. 00 8 13. 33 3 7. 89 Total 2 100. 00 60 100. 00 38 100. 00 From the table above that majority of the respondents with ages between 16 years and 20 years have Very Good catering skills.Specifically, 52 respondents with ages between 16 years and 20 years, representing 86. 67% of the total of 60 respondents with Very Good catering skills, have Very Good catering skills. From the same table above that most of the respondents with ages between 21 years and 25 years have also Very Good catering skills. Specifically, 8 respondents with ages between 21 years and 25 years, representing 13. 33% of the total of 60 respondents with Very Good catering skills, have Very Good catering skills. The following table below summarizes and presents the catering skills of respondents by gender in terms of their level of competence. TABLE 9 CATERING SKILLS OF RESPONDENTS BY GENDER SUMMARY Gender Catering Skills

From Foster Care to Prison Essay

Young adults who leave the youngster-welf atomic number 18 agreement at date eighteen casing steeper challenges in proper indep stamp discloseent adults than those who stay in boost address. National studies have found that young muckle who age come forth of the child-welfare system at eighteen are three whiles more likely to be unemployed and not enrolled in school than young people overall. They are also much more likely to struggle financially, suffer from amiable illnesses or drug or alcohol disorders, bear children they buttockst topic grapple of, or nullify up in prison (Borja, 2005).The writings demonstrates that there is a direct correlation between children aging push by means of of harbor burster and entering the prison system. The state of California is the largest state housing sustain disquiet children in the country. Still, there is a high demand for research to demonstrate methods by which the stave of destruction can be broken, as little res earch has been conducted on foster economic aid youngs beyond the age of 18. As a military issue of this, an preliminary study result be conducted to define parameters that should enable and convince states extend foster- address services to y exposehs until age 21.Literature revaluation Bruce Willis once said too many children in foster care are falling through the cracksBe a hero take the time to learn ab stunned adoption today (Thinkexist. com, 2006). cling to care is meant to be a temporary living situation for children who are awaiting the opportunity to be reunited with their parents or another suitable guardian. In somewhat cases, children are placed in long-term care placements. For older adolescents, a foster care course of study can be designed to allow for reading and resources to prepare the adolescent for the transition into independence (Wikipedia, 2006).Look moreproblem centered coping essayAs of September 30, 2003, there were an estimated 523,000 children on record in foster care. Of these, 46 percent lived in non-relative homes, 23% lived in relative homes, 19% lived in chemical group homes or institutions, 5% were in pre-adoptive homes and 7% lived in other placement types (Wikipedia, 2006). When a child enters the foster care system, the role of the parent is no overnight held by a single individual or unconstipated the household. Rather, multiple parties are involved. More often than not, the state assumes custody of the child.A court decreed attorney or child protection services agency is given the responsibility of the decision making. The foster care provider is assigned the duty of the natural custody. Judges other court officials may also have a say in the care and welfare of the child. The childs biological parents or guardians may also remain involved through visitations and can also be informed of their childs tumesce-being and care plan (Molin and Palmer, 2005). in that location are two types of foster care volun tary and involuntary.Voluntary foster care occurs when situations arise where the parent or guardian is temporarily unable to care for a child and seeks help. Involuntary foster care often occurs when the child is taken from the parent or guardian in order to ensure safety. The end result of the large number of decision makers in the foster care system has been shown to have further detrimental effects on the well-being of the children. The live to maintain a system with so many players raises financial concerns, and often puts the immediate unavoidably of the child on the back burner.Additionally, foster care children may not necessarily receive the type of care they need and may be particularly vulnerable to not receiving care for their mental health needs because they often lack a person in their life who line ups responsible and accountable for their well-being (Kerker and Morrison, 2005). Because of the lack of individual attention on management on the childs well-being, ch ildren in foster care are continuously ending up homeless, in prison or in mental institutions as yearly as adolescents. some(prenominal) children in foster care exhibit mental health problems.These can range from difficulty achieving sustainable relationships, coping problems, turned on(p) and behavioral disturbances, attention disorders, depression, autism and bipolar disorder, thus causing these children to be defined as a vulnerable population in serious need of term and protection. The most common problem exhibited by the children in foster care are called externalizing disorders (Kerker and Morrison, 2005). Externalizing disorders frequently occur when children have been abused physically and, as a result of the abuse, demonstrate outward aggression towards others as well as towards themselves.There are statistics to underpin the case that there are f spielors in the foster care system that contribute to the impeding mental health of the children in care. It is most autho rized to note that few of the children in the system are screened for mental health problems. One study showed that over 94% of the welfare agencies sampled prizeed the children for physical health problems, but only 47. 8% checked for mental health problems (Kerker and Morrison, 2005). It is important to mention that being removed from their homes and placed in a foster care setting is a difficult and stressful experience for a child.Many of these children have suffered some form of serious abuse or neglect. About 30% of children in foster care have severe emotional, behavioral or developmental problems (American Academy of Child and Adolescent abnormal psychology, 2005). While most foster children show signs of remarkable resiliency, many also suffer from physical health problems as well as physiological and emotional problems. These children frequently blame themselves and feel guilty about being removed from their birth parents and wish to return to their parents even if they had been abused by them (American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2005).In evaluating the effect of foster care children who are aging out of the system and entering the substantial world, it is important to note that many of the children in the system have grown up with their parents in prison. Consider for example, Former Parole Officer Marilyn Cambrell. Cambrell plays surrogate mommy to children whose parents are in prison at M. B. Smiley High School in Houston. About half of the students attending the high school have all had to face the reality that they are among the 2 million U. S. children with a parent behind bars.Many of these students are now in foster care, leaving them with feelings that they are spurned and unsafe in the world. Cambrell has begun to institute classes at the school, which have given more than 300 students a chance to vent their frustrations, share coping skills and, most importantly, feel they arent alone (Aguayo and Sewing, 2003). Many s tates have begun to implement strategies to fault the cycle of vulnerability among students that age out of the foster care system and have begun to overthrow systems of self-care in the foster care system.In Iowa, a new law has been implemented that mandates the extension of financial support to youth in foster care to 21 years of age. In essence, the new law serves as a model for other states to enact the same law and improve the services for youth who are making the transition from foster care to adulthood (Policy and Practice, 2006). In order to qualify for the extended care and support, the youth are mandated to participate in an reproduction and training program or work full time.To be able to qualify in the law, the youth must participate in an education or training program or work full time. This program falls under the standard of self-care that Orem describes as essential to the success of individuals seeking out optimal health, as the adolescents and young adults are t aught means to provide for themselves and are given the resources demand to develop independence. Legislatures and other advocates have begun to get involved in the fight on then national level to protect the vulnerability of foster care children aging out of the system.Similar to the program in Iowa, The cherish upkeep Independence Act of 1999 was passed to help provide children who are aging out of the foster care system the life skills necessary to provide for themselves. The act provides further access to health care professionals, as the act extends Medicaid coverage past age 18, and requires states to prepare foster kids for employment or for further education before they are emancipated (DeLay, 2000). Another step that can be taken to ensure the well being of children in foster care is to focus on the need for assessment.surrogate parents can be taught by health care professionals such as nurses to look for signs of mental problems. The California Institute for psychogeni c Health has developed screening tools that consist of a series of questions regarding indicators of potential emotional and/or behavioral disturbances in preschool (0 to 5 years) and school-age (6 to 18 years) children. The screenings are designed to assist in the observations of the children, and to alert the parents and others in the foster care system of a need for more extensive evaluations (Kerker and Morrison, 2005).People magazine recently published an article on a couple, Julie and Mike Deitch, who made the decision to take on foster children. They became licensed as foster parents after seven months of classes. In 2004, they took in three siblings whose parents were hooked on meth. They have since adopted the children and took on two more children, whose parents were schizophrenic (Jerome and Marquez, 2006). There are several issues that come of out the Deitchs story that can be used as prime examples of the success of the modern foster care system.First and foremost, the parents received the training they needed to care for the children themselves. Secondly, the children were placed with foster parents who intend to adopt. And, while the Deitchs had much to overcome in dealing with children whose parents had mental health problems, they put the needs of the child first and stuck with providing a high quality standard of care regardless of the obstacles at hand. It is evident that the child welfare system needs to undergo some redevelopment to best address the needs of the mental health condition of foster children.Emphasis should be on the day to day, starting in the home. Foster parents need to be trained to care for the children by health professionals. Older children need quality attention so that they can one day care for themselves as adult. Any and all mental health problems need to be detected at an early stage and care for. Advocates need to continue to take notice of the needs of the vulnerability of the foster care children and create leg islation and develop programs that serve their best interest.If these things occur, perhaps the cycle of vulnerability of children in foster care can be overcome. Young adults who have aged out of the foster care system have left the system only to be faced with significant health, social and educational deficits including homelessness, involvement in juvenile abuse and prostitution, mental and physical health problems, poor educational and employment outcomes, inadequate social support systems and early parenthood.These poor outcomes reflect a number of factors including ongoing emotional trauma resulting from experiences of abuse and neglect prior to care, inadequate support while in care, accelerated transitions to adulthood and lack of guaranteed ongoing financial and other assistance to help facilitate this transition. Young people leaving care do not contemporaryly receive the ongoing support that a good parent would be expected to provide for their children (Mendes, 2006).C hildren in the foster care system have been found to be associated with the probability of becoming a rapist or other type of sexual crime predator. As a result of this, the literature demonstrates that the prevention of rape may usefully be associated with enhancing the life chances of fathers and sons by greater support for those offenders who have spent time in foster care. Additionally, the fact that the risk factors for future violence are similar to those for rape endorses the point that rape is essentially a violence offence sort of than a sex offence.It further demonstrates that prevention programs for rape will have associated benefits (Christofferson, Soothill and Francis, 2005). Many children who have been identified as having deviant or behavior problems go through time in therapeutic foster care programs. In these programs, the youth are placed in the care of foster parents who have been trained to provide a structured environment that supports their learning social a nd emotional skills. An assessment was conducted on the effectiveness of such programs in preventing violent behavior among participating youth.The childbed Force on Community Preventive Services conducted a systematic review of the scientific literature regarding these programs, finding that reported and observed violence, including violent crime among the children in therapeutic programs declined (Hahn, et. Al, 2004). Due to the issues that they faced throughout adolescence, young adults who leave the child-welfare system at age 18 face steeper challenges in becoming independent adults than those who stay in foster care.National studies have found that young people who age out of the child-welfare system at 18 are three times more likely to be unemployed and not enrolled in school than young people overall. They are also much more likely to struggle financially, suffer from mental illnesses or drug or alcohol disorders, bear children they cant take care of, or end up in prison (B orja, 2005). The literature demonstrates that there is a direct correlation between children aging out of foster care and entering the prison system. The state of California is the largest state housing foster care children in the country.Still, there is a high demand for research to demonstrate methods by which the cycle of destruction can be broken, as little research has been conducted on foster care youths beyond the age of 18. As a result of this, an exploratory study will be conducted to define parameters that should enable and convince states to extend foster-care services to youths until age 21. The parameters that will be defined include the education levels, current living conditions, socioeconomic status and employment statuses held by the young adults aging out of the foster care system.The adopt will then serve as a tool in support of the literature in order to shed light onto the missing link between children leaving the foster care system and attaining financial inde pendence and success in mainstream society. Methods The county of Sacramento extends from the low delta lands between the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers north to about ten miles beyond the State Capitol and atomic number 99 to the foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains (County of Sacramento, 2006). The southernmost portion of Sacramento County has direct access to the San Francisco Bay.Respondents for this research will be selected from aged out foster care children in the county of Sacramento. In order to identify the sample population, social workers and foster care agencies within Sacramento County, including the County Department of Health supporter as well as the guilty Justice Department will be contacted. The representatives of the agencies will receive information detailing the importance of conducting the survey, and will be asked to provide or pass on the survey questions to interested participants between the ages of 18-21.The local prison will also be contacted in order to identify target samples who have come through the foster care system and who are now in prison. The representatives will be asked to avoid bias, and to balance those selected among males and females. In order to calculate accurate percentages and accurately represent the number of young adults aging out of the foster care system, the ideal sample size will consist of cubic decimetre male and fifty females. For confidentiality purposes, those sampled cannot be randomly selected, as all names and information of those individuals participating need to be passed on through a social work think agency.Due to this, the results may be slightly skewed. However, the skewing of the results will most likely balance themselves. That is, it is expected that an individual receiving technical training coming out of the foster care system (an example of a success story) will most likely be balanced out by an individual in prison coming out of the foster care system. That being said, it is essential that there be some control in selecting the sample, as having 100 responders all in prison will sway the results. Due to this, the survey will be distributed to a variety of agencies, so as to best manage the results.In conducting the survey, questions will be posed to address the respondents attainment in areas of education, employment, friendship and family. The questions will be posed utilizing a Likert-type scale to determine reply categories. Questions involving demographics, ethnicity and gender will be essential in providing useful information as to other factors (outside of being in foster care) that separate individuals in the population. For example, a question in the survey should identify the demographic location held by the foster child during the time in care, as well as well as identify any potential moves or changes in location.In doing this, it will be possible to identify if demographic changes are an independent covariant or dependent variable in e ffecting the results of the survey. If it is an independent variable, then it needs to be accounted for in the survey results. Similar questions will be posed in regards to ethnicity and gender, in order to determine their impacts on the results of the survey. The surveys will be distributed to contacted welfare agencies in the Sacramento area to then be passed on to target samples.If needed, and if sanction by the agencies, the method will include taking time to travel to the place of residence of the selected population to ensure that the surveys are accurately filled out and returned. The responses will then be entered into SPSS. An analysis of the surveys will be conducted looking for significant differences, relationships and correlations. In doing this, key-word searchers will be conducted. At the same time, the responses will be grouped based on socioeconomic class, education, gender, living conditions and employment status and then cross referenced to identify key correlati ons in the data.The purpose of the survey will be to clearly define target triggers that caused the foster care children to end up in prison. A comparative analysis of results will be conducted in order to drawn lines of association between family values, views on friendship as well as socioeconomic status. At the same time, the answers to the survey will be used to compare and contrast methods and exposures faced by those young adults who did not go to prison after leaving the foster care system versus those who did. In conducting the survey and evaluating the results, levels of success within the foster care system will be revealed.For example, if it is found that many of the young adults were mainstreamed into a job-training program and still entered prison, the survey will be used to reveal triggering factors that caused the downfall. Due to the sensitive temper of the survey as well as the sensitive nature of the questions posed to the target population, the survey will need t o be submitted to a human subjects committee for review. Overall, the survey test the hypothesis in an attempt to assess the needs of legislators to pass policy to extend foster care benefits to the age of 21.populations overall attitude towards the future. That is, it will provide insight as to whether oror not the population has successfully overcome the cycle of destruction (coming out of the system and ending up in prison as a result of no where else to go), or if it appears that the individual needs further training to in order to be financially independent and lead a stable lifestyle. evaluate Findings It is expected that the survey will reveal a clear cycle of destruction occurring from the transition out of foster care.The survey is anticipated to support the literature that there is a missing link between children leaving the system at the age of 18 and finding success in the mainstream society. Due to this, the survey will provide a tool to better define what the missing link is, and provide insight as to what can be done to break the cycle of destruction. This is good, you should include similar language at the end of your literature review when you are discussing the intent of your research. Finally, make sure to attach your survey as an appendix item to your proposal References Aguayo, Anna and Sewing, Joy.A Former Parole Officer Plays Surrogate Mom to Kids with Parents in Jail. People, 60(11), p. 129-130. American Academy of Adolescent and Child Psychiatry (2005, May). Foster Care. Retrieved celestial latitude 4, 2006, from http//aacap. org/page. ww? name=Foster+Care§ion=Facts+for+Families Ashby, Cornelia (2006). Child Welfare Improving Social Service Program Training and Technical Assistance Information Would Help Address Long-Standing Service-Level and Workforce Challenges. GAO Reports, p. 56. Borja, Rhea (2005). Teens Released from Foster Care Too Early, Report Says. Education Week, 24(38), p. 6-6.Child Welfare Information Gateway (2005). Foster Care Numbers and Trends. Retrieved celestial latitude 5, 2006 from http//www. childwelfare. gov/pubs/factsheets/foster. cfm County of Sacramento (2006). About Sacramento County. Retrieved December 5, 2006 from http//www. saccounty. net/portal/about/areafacts. html CMS Network (2006). Medical Foster Care Program. Retrieved December 5, 2006 from http//www. cms-kids. com/CMSNMedicalFosterCare. htm Delay, Tom (2000). Fighting for Children. American Journal of Psychiatry, p. 120-124. Jerome, Richard and Marquez, Sandra (2006). They opened their hearts and home to babies born of meth-addicted moms.People, 66(15), p. 83-84 Kerker, B. , & Morrison, M. (2006, January). Mental Health Needs and Treatment of Foster jejuneness Barriers and Opportunities. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 76(1), 138-147. Molin, R. (2005, January). Consent and Participation Ethical Issues in the Treatment of Children in Out-of-Home Care. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 75(1), 1. Policy and Practic e (2006). New Iowa Law for youthfulness Aging Out of Foster Care Seen as Model for Other States. Policy and Practice of Public Human Services, 64(3), p. 28. San Francisco Chronicle Editorial (2005, October 14). Governor signs foster-care bills.San Francisco Chronicle, 10. 2005, . Retrieved December 4, 2006, from http//www. sfgate. com/cgi-bin/article. cgi? file=/chronicle/archive/2005/10/14/EDGKVF7QQ01. DTL San Francisco Chronicle Editorial (2006, November 2). Foster Cares Future. San Francisco Chronicle, 11. 2006, . Retrieved December 5, 2006, from http//www. sfgate. com/cgi-bin/article ThinkExist. com (2006). Foster Care Quotes. Retrieved December 4, 2006, from http//en. thinkexist. com/quotes/with/keyword/foster/ Wikipedia (2006). Foster Care. Retrieved December 5, 2006, from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Foster_care